BELLAS ARTES

The American painter Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) sparked an artistic renewal in his country when he burst onto the scene dominated by Abstract Expressionism in New York in the late 1950s, defining a new creative language for a new era. With his innovative use of industrial production techniques and mundane, everyday imagery, such as cartoons, comic strips, and advertising, Lichtenstein joined contemporary artists such as Andy Warhol and James Rosenquist in portraying and satirizing American media and consumer culture.

The Kisokaido route through Japan was ordained in the early 1600s by the country’s then-ruler Tokugawa Ieyasu, who decreed that staging posts be installed along the length of the arduous passage between Edo (present-day Tokyo) and Kyoto. Inns, shops, and restaurants were established to provide sustenance and lodging to weary travelers. In 1835, renowned woodblock print artist Keisai Eisen was commissioned to create a series of works to chart the Kisokaido journey. After producing 24 prints, Eisen was replaced by Utagawa Hiroshige, who completed the series of 70 prints in 1838.

The Golden Age of Travel neatly overlaps with the reign of the Emperor Meiji, which began in 1868 with the overthrow of a feudal order that had kept Japan secluded from the outside world for more than 200 years. In the ensuing four-and-a-half decades, Japan became a less remote and more attractive destination for the international traveler and a popular subject for photographers, both Japanese and foreign.