LETRAS

After more than a decade of stability or improvement, the mental health of adolescents plunged in the early 2010s. Rates of depression, anxiety, self-harm, and suicide rose sharply, more than doubling on many measures. Why? In The Anxious Generation, social psychologist Jonathan Haidt lays out the facts about the epidemic of teen mental illness that hit many countries at the same time. He then investigates the nature of childhood, including why children need play and independent exploration to mature into competent, thriving adults. Haidt shows how the “play-based childhood” began to decline in the 1980s, and how it was finally wiped out by the arrival of the “phone-based childhood” in the early 2010s. He presents more than a dozen mechanisms by which this “great rewiring of childhood” has interfered with children’s social and neurological development, covering everything from sleep deprivation to attention fragmentation, addiction, loneliness, social contagion, social comparison, and perfectionism. He explains why social media damages girls more than boys and why boys have been withdrawing from the real world into the virtual world, with disastrous consequences for themselves, their families, and their societies.

In Gallup, New Mexico, where violent crime is five times the national average, a serial killer is operating unchecked, his targets indigent Native people whose murders are easily disguised as death by exposure on the frigid winter streets. He slips unnoticed through town, hidden in plain sight by his unassuming nature, while the voices in his head guide him toward a terrifying vision of glory. As the Gallup detectives struggle to put the pieces together, they consider calling in a controversial specialist to help.

In San Francisco in 1866, an Irish nun, abandoned following a torrid relationship with a Chilean aristocrat, gives birth to a daughter named Emilia del Valle. Raised by a loving stepfather, Emilia grows into an independent thinker and a self-sufficient young woman. To pursue her passion for writing, she is willing to defy societal norms. At the age of seventeen, she begins to publish pulp fiction using a man’s pen name. When these fictional worlds can no longer satisfy her sense of adventure, she turns to journalism, convincing an editor at The Daily Examiner to hire her. There she is paired with another talented reporter, Eric Whelan.

On a bitter-cold day, in the December of his junior year at Harvard, Sam Masur exits a subway car and sees, amid the hordes of people waiting on the platform, Sadie Green. He calls her name. For a moment, she pretends she hasn’t heard him, but then, she turns, and a game begins: a legendary collaboration that will launch them to stardom. These friends, intimates since childhood, borrow money, beg favors, and, before even graduating college, they have created their first blockbuster, Ichigo. Overnight, the world is theirs. Not even twenty-five years old, Sam and Sadie are brilliant, successful, and rich, but these qualities won’t protect them from their own creative ambitions or the betrayals of their hearts.

En las novelas cortas que componen el tercer volumen, Balzac guía al lector por los laberintos de la sociedad francesa de la época de la Restauración para mostrar a unos personajes que se debaten entre las pasiones motivadas por el amor, el dinero, el deseo y el poder en un mundo en el que los individuos tienen que hacer frente a la hipocresía social. El autor de «La Comedia humana» permanece fiel a su idea de que al artista le basta con observar la infinita variedad de la naturaleza humana, ya que «la casualidad es el gran novelista del mundo». Así, en «La mujer abandonada» (1832), Madame de Beauséant vive durante tres años un idilio amoroso con el joven Gaston de Neuil, hasta que llega una joven heredera a la comarca y la madre de Gaston le pide que la despose. Pero, después de siete meses de matrimonio con la joven, se aburre y vuelve con Madame de Beauséant. En «El contrato de matrimonio» (1835), Paul Manerville, heredero de una gran fortuna de un padre rico y avaro de Burdeos, regresa a esta ciudad con el proyecto de casarse después de una estancia en París y de viajar por varias capitales europeas llevando una vida mundana. La elegida será la Natalie Evagelista, hija de un hombre con una gran fortuna. Pero el contrato de matrimonio es totalmente favorable a Natalie y Paul se deja manipular por la madre de ésta. Publicada en 1834, «La Grenadière» cuenta la historia de la misteriosa Augusta Willemsens, madre de dos jóvenes, Louis y Marie. Antes morir, les confiesa su verdadera identidad, Lady Brandon, y la de su difunto padre, el noble inglés Lord Brandon, legándoles una herencia de 12.000 francos. En«Gobseck» se narra la historia de Anastasie de Restaud, hija de un rico burgués casada con un aristócrata. Aburrida de un matrimonio sin amor ni pasión, tiene un romance con el joven Maxime de Trailles, con el que gasta su fortuna. Entonces acude al usurero Jean-Esther van Gobseck para pedirle que le preste dinero. Por último, en «Modesta Mignon»Balzac retoma uno de sus temas favoritos: el dilema que se le plantea a una joven casadera y con fortuna ante los pretendientes que aspiran a conquistarla.